Historical Development Of The Sociological Approach

Historical Development Of The Sociological Approach. Sociology is derived from the Latin meaning Socius friend, a friend while the Logos means science. This expression revealed the first time published in a book entitled "Cours de Philosophie Positive" by August Comte (1798-1857). Although many definitions of sociology but sociology generally known as the science of society. Sociology includes the study of social phenomena, social structure, social change and networks of relationships or interactions of individual human beings and social beings.

Historical Development Of The Sociological Approach. Sociology has a different paradigm to assess a problem, so that sociology is a social science paradigm double. The structure of paradigms in sociology is as follows.

Sociological paradigm born of the theories sociologists from the classical to the modern era. According to Thomas Kuhn said that paradigms expanding sociology of revolution rather than the cumulative opinion of sociologists like before. Khun menyekemakan emergence paradigm as follows:

Normal Science paradigm I → → → Anomalies Crisis → → Paradigm Revolution IISo that the paradigm can be developed in accordance with the sociology of social facts. This paradigm is to be used as a tool to study Islamic studies, Islamic studies in the assessment of researchers are free to choose the existing paradigms in sociology to study the Islamic community. George Ritzer out that paradigms in sociology, although the results are different but there is no dispute between the paradigm that while it is in line with scientific laws. Although it is generally the paradigm that has the advantage in each of these problems that it studies.

In sociology there are social institutions, institutions are systems of norms or rules regarding the activities of the community, while social is simply the community. So we can conclude is the set of social institutions norms or rules are understood, respected, and adhered to by members of the community and aims to regulate people's lives. Social stratification is the difference in population or community in order or sequence in multilevel or hierarchical. In the Islamic community itself there is a coating that can be learned through the coating form as:
 1. High-low 
2. Nobles - commoners 
3. Superior-inferior 
4. Superior-usual 
5. Gentry, and such grassroots

Historical Development Of The Sociological Approach. The emergence of social stratification because of something that is valued by society, ie, property, knowledge, power, descendant of a respectable family, in religious piety, and the like. There are several theories about the emergence of the layers in society, namely:• Occurs by itself (automatic), for example, a layer of hunting because of his ability to hunt animals, or for example, a philanthropist who is respected by the community.• Intentionally designed to achieve specific goals, often called the division of labor, responsibility, and so forth. For example, in the organization. Organizations in business, politics, education, government, and others.Nature of the system there are two layers in society, namely: 
1. Closed, which does not give someone a chance or possibility of emigration from one layer to another. example is the caste in Hindu society, aristocratic or royal blood descent, and the like. 
2. Opened, which allows one to move from one layer to another.

Historical Development Of The Sociological Approach. The factors that can be used as the starting titi achieve equality is the recognition of human rights. While the factors that differentiate the elite and the masses is, wealth, position, penegtahuan knowledge, power, honor, and so forth. Meanwhile, according to Karl Marx's class is determined by economic factors. Class of landowners or the means of production is called the bourgeoisie. While the power to donate the owner called the workers or the proletariat.

Stereotyping is a specific description of the nature of a person or group of people who are negative, so that its formation was based on a generalization of the subjective nature. Over again jau stereotyping is a product of the interaction between ethnic groups or who are in a society in which there is a majority and minority groups. Factors that influence stereotyping and prejudice are: 
 Personality. For example, people who have an authoritarian personality is easy to have preconceptions.
 Effect of parental education on children.
 Status, in general, the higher and better levels of education a person, the less prejudice and stereotypes.
 The role of means of communication, such as, film, radio, newspapers, etc..
 The role of relationship  

Historical Development Of The Sociological Approach 2012-02-10T09:45:00+07:00 Rating: 4.5 Diposkan Oleh: Kang Hikam